Auto Tune Scholarly Article

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Throughout the years, musicians and artists have used many different techniques in order to make themselves sound different and to sell records. Quite recently, many musicians and artists have been using a pitch correcting program called Autotune. One rapper/hip-hop artist, T-Pain, is mainly responsible for transforming the use of Autotune. Autotune was first invented in 1997 by Dr. Harold “Andy” Hildebrand. Dr.

Hildebrand founded Antares Audio Technologies in 1990 after working as a research scientist for Exxon from 1976 until 1989, when he realized that the same technology he used to detect oil reserves in the sea floor could also be used to correct a singer’s unruly notes. After leaving Exxon, Hildebrand created a program called Infinity, which allowed musicians and producers to created endless loops of multiple instruments in samples. Due to the success Infinity had attained, the Dr. had decided to move on to his next task at hand. In 1997, Auto-Tune was released.

Auto-Tune became a gimmick for viral videos: The biggest Auto-Tune song of 2010 was a YouTube clip known as “The Bed Intruder Song,” a viral video made from re-purposed and pitch-corrected.

Auto-Tune was a program designed to fix and correct pitch problems in not only singers, but other musicians who played instruments as well. The release of the program gained instant notoriety, as Auto-Tune became an instant phenomenon and grew to become the largest-selling plug-in of all time (www. antarestech. com). Auto-Tune is based on “phase vocoding technology”, which is an analysis-synthesis algorithm. The software detects the pitch of the voice of the singer or the instrument of the artist, analyzes the pitch along with the overtones and content, and then autocorrects the notes to the desired/correct pitch (www.how-to-guide. net).

  1. Our tuners are similar to ones from vendors like Chip Your Car, Power Tune Performance Chips, and Performance Chip Revamp, with a slew of customization options to fit your specific needs. The changes made by a performance tuner will be more noticeable on some vehicles than on others, but if you’re ever curious about what’s happening, most.
  2. Auto-Tune is sometimes used to fix an entire vocal performance, rendering it more accurately in tune than is natural. This may indeed make for a slightly less emotional performance, but it may also make for a slightly more engaging performance. It doesn’t rob the vocal of most of its expressive qualities: dynamics, vibrato, timbre, etc.

In the years following the development and release of Auto-Tune, there wasn’t much commercial use of the product. The first big hit to feature the use of Auto-Tune was Cher’s “Believe” in 1998 (Blame Cher). Since then, many prominent artists have featured the use of Auto-Tune, such as Kanye West, Lady GaGa, Ke$ha, and of course, T-Pain. About ten years before the release of Auto-Tune, a young boy by the name of Faheem Rasheed Najm was born in Tallahassee, Florida. This young boy would later grow up to become better known as his stage name, T-Pain.

In the winter of 2005, T-Pain released his debut album “Rappa Ternt Sanga” and it debuted at #40 on the Billboard 200, dropping some, and then eventually climbing up to #33 over the next few weeks. Since then, T-Pain has released a total of 3 full length albums and has produced many hits for himself, as well as producing many hits for other rappers and artists. He has been nominated for many awards, and has won 13 (www. t-pain. net). In September of 2009, Smule introduced and released the “I am T-Pain” application in the app store for download on all iPhones.

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The application allows its user to simply talk into the microphone and record messages, notes, or even record songs over pre-recorded beats and then Auto-Tune your voice and send your messages to friends (www. iamtpain. smule. com). After Cher’s “Believe” in 1998, Auto-Tune went out of fashion and no artists were using it. In 2003, back when T-Pain was a little-known artist, he was recording a song in the studio when he put Auto-Tune on his voice. In an article from Time. com, T-Pain said that “It just worked for my voice… And there wasn’t anyone else doing it.

” Years have passed since T-Pain’s first experiments with Auto-Tune, and much has changed since then. Since T-Pain’s “Rappa Ternt Sanga” debuted in 2005, he has had 12 singles in the top 10, dozens on award nominations, and serves as the inspiration behind much of the music of many artists we listen to and love today. While Kanye West was recording his hit album ‘808s and Heartbreak’ Kanye flew T-Pain to Hawaii to find out ways that Auto-Tune could be tweaked and manipulated to find new ways of singing. P Diddy offered T-Pain a percentage of the profits off of his next album if T-Pain would give him lessons on how to use Auto-Tune.

T-Pain also says of Auto-Tune that “…You can use it to change the mood of a record”. This is most prominent in Kanye West’s “808s and Heartbreak”, in which he uses the same Auto-Tune effect that T-Pain uses on his hit single “Chopped N Skrewed” to produce a ghost-like and cold aura that branded the album as one of the year’s best (www. time. com). Although T-Pain started Auto-Tuning his voice because nobody else was doing it and he wanted to sound different, nowadays it seems that just about everybody sounds the same. “It used to make me sound different… Now I sound like everybody else again” said T-Pain (The New Tune).

In response to the sudden explosion of artists that are using Auto-Tune, T-Pain said that people need to start paying him respect – and paying him literally – for their use of Auto-Tune. T-Pain said that other artists are ruining the use of Auto-Tune and that it’s basically over for them unless they start to pay up (www. mtv. com). While many people may criticize and ridicule the use of Auto-Tune and talk about how it is “ruining” the music industry by leading people to believe that recording artists are pitch-perfect, there is one thing that nobody can deny; it sells records.

And there is nothing that musicians and artists want to do more than sell records. Auto-Tune was originally intended to help oil companies find out where oil reserves are save companies lots of money by not having to dig up the group looking for oil when they could find out just where the oil was. Over the course of time, that program evolved into one of the most prominent and recurring effects in the music industry. Although Auto-Tune has its benefits in the music industry, it also has its drawbacks as well.

The British television show The X factor had a very controversial week in August when the producers of the show decided to Auto-Tune the voice of one of their contestants. Many people found this outrageous due to the fact that it was a singing competition and the voices of the people they would be paying to vote for were being altered (Blame Cher). This example directly relates to T-Pain because without T-Pain’s use of Auto-Tune, the effect would never have been so popular and would never have been featured on a hit television show. The use of Auto-Tune represents many phonographic effects.

The development of Auto-Tune is a direct result of recordability. Without the ability to record music, Auto-Tune would have never been developed and music today would not be what it is. Also, Auto-Tune is a clearly a result of the phonographic effect of manipulability due to its ability to obviously manipulate the way that music sounds T-Pain drastically changed the use of Auto-Tune in pop-culture by paving the way for other artists and taking a pitch-correcting program and turning it into a trademark for himself to be remember by for years to come.

Works Cited

  • 'Antares History. ' Antares Audio Technologies. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.
  • Gleeson, Sinead. 'LexisNexis® Academic & Library Solutions. ' Business Solutions & Software for Legal, Education and Government | LexisNexis. 25 Aug. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.
  • 'How Does Autotune Work. ' How Does Autotune Work. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.I Am T-Pain. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. .
  • Reid, Shaheem. 'T-Pain Says It's Time 'For Everybody Else' To Stop Using Auto-Tune – Music, Celebrity, Artist News | MTV. ' New Music Videos, Reality TV Shows, Celebrity News, Top Stories | MTV. 19 Nov. 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.
  • Reid, Shaheem. 'T-Pain Says It's Time. ' New Music Videos, Reality TV Shows, Celebrity News, Top Stories | MTV. 19 Nov. 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.
  • Soeder, John. 'LexisNexis® Academic & Library Solutions. ' Business Solutions & Software for Legal, Education and Government | LexisNexis. 30 Dec. 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.
  • 'T-Pain Biography. ' T-Pain Home | The Official T-Pain Site. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.
  • Tyrangiel, Josh. 'Auto-Tune: Why Pop Music Sounds Perfect – TIME. ' TIME. com. 5 Feb. 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010.
Related posts:
  • What is “Auto tune”
    • Auto Tune is an application in Dynojet Power Vision that allows users to quickly & easily generate tune corrections based off O2 sensor feedback utilizing either the factory narrowband sensors or the optional wideband sensors. There are three versions of Auto Tune for Power Vision: Auto Tune Basic (uses the factory O2 sensors), Auto Tune Pro (uses the wideband Auto Tune kit), Target Tune-Auto Tune (uses the wideband Target Tune kit)
  • Closed loop vs Open loop
    • The H-D Delphi ECM is a speed density system, meaning fuel delivery is based on modeled airflow. It uses feedback from various sensors to predict air mass entering the engine; primarily the MAP sensor, IAT sensor, engine temperature & RPM. It uses VE (volumetric efficiency tables) to model the airflow in the calibration and the ECM is continually adjusting for relative conditions such as ambient temperature, alititude, etc..
    • A Closed loop system monitors & corrects the air fuel mixture using the O2 sensors to maintain the air fuel mixture commanded in the calibration. Most applications use short term & long term fuel trims.
    • An Open loop system does not use correction from O2 sensors, it relies on the ECM programming specifically.

Auto tune basic

  • For 2007-2020 Harley models
  • Free and requires no additional equipment
  • For use on bikes that have OEM closed loop fuel control and stock narrow band sensors
  • AT Basic uses closed loop to populate tune corrections that can be exported directly back to your base tune
  • Note that this uses stock narrow band sensors and they are only capable of measuring in the 14.3 – 15.2 AFR range. AT Basic temporarily forces closed loop over the entire operating range. This is best suited for populating corrections from light to moderate loads

    Auto Tune Pro
  • For 2001-2020 Harley models
  • Requires purchase of Auto tune Pro accessory kit
  • Uses wide band sensors and a controller which connects directly to the Power Vision via CAN cable.
  • Note that wide band sensors are capable of measuring AFR from 10:1 -18:1
  • Works in conjunction with PV to read & store real time AFR (while you are riding the bike) throughout the entire RPM/throttle position ranges including WOT.
  • AT Pro is open loop, it doesn’t make real time closed loop changes. It uses data from the wideband sensors that is logged in the Power Vision to accurately populate tune corrections which are then exported directly back to your base tune. The commanded AF mixture is temporarily set to 13.0 when in AT-Pro mode.
  • Mention that a lot of aftermarket exhaust systems come with 18mm bungs but if not you will have to modify your exhaust to accept the O2 sensors

    Target Tune
  • For 2007 – 2020 Harley models
  • Requires purchase of Target tune kit. TT supercedes AT-Pro in most applications except early non-O2 sensor equipped bikes.
  • Uses wide band O2 sensors (18mm bungs in exhaust) for real-time fuel control over the entire operating range and is full configurable.
  • TT wideband sensors plug into factory O2 harness
  • Bike must be flashed with special Power Vision “Target Tune Calibration” that enables Target Tune.
  • Transforms stock ECM to be able to read & interpret the wide band O2 sensors and adapt them to the existing closed loop adaptive fuel control strategy in the Dephi ECM
  • Once flashed TT operates in real-time closed loop, constantly adjusting for all conditions and making the changes to keep the AFR on target
  • AFR targets can be set via WinPV and all the regular tuning parameters that are exposed to you in WinPV are still available.
  • The TT-Auto Tune mode allows users to generate tune corrections and apply them back to the base tune like AT Basic & Pro. TT-AT uses the same AFR targets as your base map when in this mode.

Auto Tune Tips:

When running Auto Tune we recommend running three, 20 minute sessions of mixed riding. Between each session export your learned correction and then re-enable this tune for your next Auto Tune session; when you are finished flash the tune from Tune Manager. You can do these sessions on different days etc.. just be sure under normal riding conditions to flash your non-Auto Tune map (don’t just disable Auto Tune) When in Auto Tune mode Power Vision makes several temporary changes to the tune to allow maximum data collection and learning.

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Note the bike may run a bit funky when in Auto Tune mode, especially during warmup.

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It is best is many cases to get the bike to operating temperature and then enable Auto Tune.

Auto Tune Settings:

The default AT Settings are setup for Big Twin models, if you have a Sportster or V-Rod you will want to go to SETTINGS on the main Auto Tune screen and adjust the Min/Max parameters for Engine Temp and RPM. These values can be found in the Power Vision user guide.

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It is also helpful to set the Min MAP pressure in all applications, this prevents overcorrection of the tune in the light load & decel areas. The easiest way is to start the bike and go to the green Auto Tune histogram screen. You will note the MAP pressure when idling which is displayed in the upper left corner, you will then go back to the Auto Tune Settings screen, select Min MAP and enter a value approx 5kpa lower than the MAP your bike was idling at. For example if your bike was idling at 38kpa you will enter 33 under Min MAP.

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For detailed information & instructions on running Auto Tune>click here<

For a video overview of Auto Tune>click here<